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The future development trend of glass grille

FRP gratings are divided into two categories: SMC molded combined grille and hand-formed grille. According to the analysis of Beijing Health and Epidemic Prevention Station, SMC molded combined grille has the best water quality (better than stainless steel grille), and it is easy to assemble. The largest in China has reached 1,260 cubic meters. The future development trend of FRP gratings is: First, the lesson is to learn from the grille in Taiwan Province. In the last century, Taiwan's FRP grating was popular. After the industry cut corners and the quality was not good, it gradually withdrew from the market, mostly replaced by stainless steel grille. In contrast, in Japan, the stainless steel grille is no match for the FRP grating, and almost 100% of the grille used in Japan is FRP. Second, the grid veneer is excessive from the traditional 1×1m to 2×1m. There are two reasons: the installation time is saved, and the cost of the unit board is also reduced. Third, thermoplastic FRP has a series of advantages such as physical change, no pollution, easy recycling, low density and good impact toughness. GMT (Glass Mat Reinforced Thermoplastics) sheet is produced in China. With its molding, the production efficiency is several times higher than that of SMC (the holding time is only about 1 minute). It has been used as a container abroad, and its working conditions are worse than those of the grille. SMC is not easy to recycle. Therefore, from the perspective of environmental protection and recycling economy, FRTP should also be used. The original presses and molds can be used, and only one heating oven (preheating GMT sheet) can be added. Fourth, the development of series of products: the use of FRP corrosion-resistant characteristics, adjustment of SMC raw material formula, can produce chemical storage tanks, electroplating tanks, with the advantages of easy installation, can create camp swimming pool, guard room and other facilities. For large tanks, draw the rods to choose corrosion resistance and materials.

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Performance interpretation of polymer composites

1.1 Tensile properties Tensile properties include tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, Poisson's ratio, elongation at break, and the like. For products such as high pressure vessels, high pressure hoses, blades, etc., the tensile properties of the polymer composite must be measured before product design and inspection can be performed. The tensile properties test method is different for different polymer composites. For ordinary, test with GB/T1447; for winding forming, test with GB/T1458; for directional fiber reinforcement, test with GB/T33541; for pultrusion, use GB/T13096 -1 for testing. The most used is GB/T1447. GB/T1447, for different molding process composite materials, also specified different shapes of tensile specimens, with R-type, straight-line type and dumbbell type. A tensile load is applied to the specimen at a specified loading speed using a tensile tester or a universal test until the specimen is broken. The tensile strength is divided by the breaking load divided by the cross-sectional area of ​​the sample. From the measured stress---the slope of the straight line segment of the strain curve is the elastic modulus, and the lateral strain to longitudinal strain ratio of the sample is Poisson's ratio. The strain at the time of failure is called the elongation at break. The force per unit area, called stress, is usually expressed in MPa (megapascals), and 1 MPa is equivalent to a stress of 1 N/mm2. The strain is the elongation per unit length, and there is no amount just (unit). Different modern composite materials have different tensile properties. For example, glass fiber reinforced FRP: 1:1 FRP, tensile strength (200-250) MPa, elastic modulus (10-16) GPa; :1 FRP, tensile strength is (250-350)MPa, elastic modulus is (15-22)GPa; unidirectional fiber FRP (such as winding), tensile strength is greater than 800MPa, elastic modulus is greater than 24GPa; SMC material The tensile strength is (40-80) MPa, the elastic modulus is (5-8) GPa, the DMC material, the tensile strength is (20-60) MPa, and the elastic modulus is (4-6) GPa. 1.2 Bending performance Generally, bending loads are common in products. Bending performance is very important. At the same time, bending properties are often used to select raw materials, molding process parameters, and product use conditions. Bending performance, generally tested by national standard GB/T1449; for pultrusion materials, tested with national standard GB/T13096.2; for unidirectional fiber reinforced, tested with national standard GB/T3356. The specimens for testing the bending properties are generally long strips of rectangular cross-sectional area, referred to as rectangular beams. Use the three-point bending method loaded in it. The upper surface of the cross section of the beam is subjected to compressive stress, the lower surface of the beam is subjected to tensile stress, the cross-sectional area is subject to shear stress, and the shear stress of the neutral layer is the largest. Therefore, when the beam is subjected to bending, the stress state is complicated. The form of destruction is also diverse. The variety of raw materials, properties and molding process parameters are sensitive to bending performance. The test method and sample size are also very sensitive. In order to achieve material bending damage, the span (span or span) of the specimen is high (sample thickness). (l/h) has certain requirements, generally requires l/h ≥ 16, and for unidirectional fiber reinforced materials, l/h ≥ 32 is required. Due to the complexity of the bending properties and the sensitivity to various factors, the bending properties of the above different materials are greater than the tensile properties in Section 1.1, or less than the tensile properties in Section 1.1. In the case of a normal molding process, the general bending strength is slightly larger than the tensile strength, and the bending elastic modulus is slightly smaller than the tensile elastic modulus. 1.3 Compressive performance The reinforcing fiber or fabric can only withstand a large tensile force. It is very soft and cannot withstand the compressive force. When the polymer composite is subjected to a compressive load, the reinforcing fiber or fabric is supported by the polymer matrix. It can withstand when bonded to the whole. Therefore, the compression properties of the polymer composite are closely related to the variety, performance, molding process, interface of the two, etc., and the compression properties of the same composite material vary greatly. Generally, the compression performance of high temperature and high pressure molding is high, and some are even higher than tensile properties. In general, the elastic modulus, the difference between the compression and the stretching is extremely small, and the compressive strength is slightly lower than the tensile strength, especially at room temperature, and the material having poor molding quality has a compressive strength much lo

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What is a composite material? Is it different from FRP?

It is popular and simple to say that a composite material is a material in which two or more different materials are physically or chemically mixed into one substance. Like concrete is the most common composite material in life. Most people may have imagined that the composite material is a plastic composite such as FRP. In fact, composite materials are divided into metal and non-metal. Metal is also commonly called alloy (such as aluminum alloy); non-metal is usually made of resin, rubber, ceramic, graphite, carbon, etc., using glass fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber, aramid silicon carbide, asbestos fiber, etc. There are whiskers, wires and hard fine particles to make reinforcing materials. The reason why composite materials are compounded is to make a mutual synergy effect in various materials, so that the comprehensive performance of composite materials is far greater than the various single raw materials that make up composite materials. This is one of the important reasons why materials such as FRP are popular. Among the composite materials, fiber reinforced materials are the most widely used and the largest amount. It is characterized by a small specific gravity, a large specific strength and a specific modulus. For example, carbon fiber and epoxy resin composite materials, its specific strength and specific modulus are several times larger than steel and aluminum alloy, but also has excellent chemical stability, friction and wear resistance, self-lubrication, heat resistance, fatigue resistance, Resistance to creep, noise reduction, electrical insulation and other properties. The graphite fiber is compounded with a resin to obtain a material having a coefficient of expansion almost equal to zero. Another feature of fiber reinforced materials is the anisotropy, so the fiber arrangement can be designed according to the strength requirements of different parts of the part. Aluminum-based composites reinforced with carbon fiber and silicon carbide fibers maintain sufficient strength and modulus at 500 °C. Silicon carbide fiber is compounded with titanium, which not only improves the heat resistance of titanium, but also is resistant to wear and can be used as an engine fan blade. Silicon carbide fiber and ceramic composite, recycled resin composite resin-based composite material: Resin-based composite material is a composite material made of glass fiber, carbon fiber, aramid fiber and the like as a matrix. The three most common composite materials are described in detail below. The glass fibers currently used for high-performance composite materials mainly include high-strength glass fibers, quartz glass fibers, and high silica glass fibers. It is cost-effective, so it has maintained a growth rate of 10% to meet the needs of the vast industrial sector. High-strength fiberglass composites are currently widely used in military and civilian products. Militaryly used to make bulletproof helmets and bulletproof suits, as well as helicopter wings. Various high-pressure pressure vessels, civilian aircraft straight, sporting goods, various high-temperature resistant products, and recently reported tire cords with excellent performance. Up to now, the three composite materials of high-strength glass fiber, quartz glass fiber and high-silica glass fiber have been widely used in China. Among them, high-strength fiberglass frp has been in the international leading position, with independent intellectual property rights and small-scale industries. The annual output is about 500 tons. It is expected to continue to climb in the future. Since the 1980s, the Netherlands, Japan, and the former Soviet Union have also carried out research and development work on aramid fiber. At present, aramid fiber is mainly used in aerospace products, and it is not widely used in civilian applications except for parts of automobiles. It is worth mentioning that the specific strength of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers ranks first among various fibers, especially its chemical resistance and anti-aging properties. It also has excellent high frequency sonar permeability and seawater corrosion resistance. Therefore, the application prospects are also very good. Thermosetting Resin Composites and Thermoplastic Composites: Thermosetting resin-based composites are based on thermosetting resins such as unsaturated polyester resins, epoxy resins, phenolic resins, vinyl ester resins, etc., with glass fibers, carbon fibers, and aramid fibers. A super high molecular weight polyethylene fiber or the like is a composite material made of a reinforcing material. Thermoplastic resin-based composites mainly include long fiber reinforced pellets (LFP), continuous fiber reinforced prepreg (MITT), and glass fiber mat reinforced thermoplastic composites (GMT). Because these two composites have a long history of development, they are not as well known as common resin composites.

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